South American Commercial Real Estate

The continent of South America is the fourth largest continent in terms of land area, spanning more than 17 million square kilometers. It is bordered by water in almost all sides, specifically the Atlantic Ocean on the northeast, the Pacific Ocean in the west, and the Caribbean Sea to the northwest. The South American continent also lies near the Panama Canal, making it very accessible by water routes. The only land along its border is North America to the north.

The continent of South America is made up of a number of countries. These include Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Chile and Bolivia, among others.

There are numerous tourist attractions all over the continent of South America. Topping the list are the various natural wonders in the continent. South America is home to the world’s 2nd longest river, the Amazon. The Amazon Rainforest, the largest rainforest in the world with an unmatched biodiversity, is also found in the continent. It is also home to one of the highest peaks in the world, the Andes. Angel Falls, the highest waterfall in the world, can also be found here. South America is also composed of deserts, such as Atacama, and several islands, including Easter Island and Galapagos Island.

Aside from natural wonders, man-made creations are also popular destinations in the continent. These include ancient ruins, such as Easter Island’s Moais and Peru’s Machu Picchu. Rock paintings, such as in Serra de Capivara, are also favorite attractions. Certain events are also celebrated in the continent, such as the Carnival I Rio de Janeiro and the Vendimia in Argentina.

There are several places in the South American continent with a booming commercial real estate industry. Most of these areas are metropolitan areas. Sao Paulo, Brazil, being the world’s 5th largest city, is one of them. Sao Paulo is also known as the center of finance in the entire continent. Other cities include Buenos Aires in Argentina, Bogota in Colombia and Rio de Janeiro.

The South American continent thrives on tourism as one of its primary industries. This provides a lot of opportunities for investors who wish to conduct business in the area, and results in a flourishing commercial real estate industry. In recent years, there has been a trend shift in the kinds of travelers that visit the area. Nowadays, more affluent tourists frequent the area instead of the previous budget travelers. More and more high-end accommodations, including hotels and rest houses, are being created in the area.

The wide variety of tourist destinations and the low cost of living in the South American continent is attracting, not only visitors, but also immigrants in the area. The soothing environment has resulted in an increased demand for retirement homes in the area. The retiring population is actually one of the bigger target markets for business and for commercial real estate in South America.

If you’re planning to start a business in an area with lush surroundings, abundant natural resources, world-famous tourist attractions and a rich history, try looking into commercial real estate in South America!

Best of Brazil: Copacabana Beach.

Brazil is one of the most exciting travel destinations in the world. This lively country is packed with gorgeous landscape, exhilarating cities and most of all, some of the best beaches in the world. Everyone who ever went to Brazil will tell you that it’s a place where you’ll never get bored. The nightlife is incredible, the parties, celebrations and cultural events await at every corner of any Brazilian metropolis. Rio de Janeiro should definitely be on your travel agenda, as this is where you’ll find two of the best beaches in the world: the Copacabana Beach and the Ipanema Beach.

Rio de Janeiro is the second largest city of Brazil, after Sao Paolo. A mixture of cultures, colors and exotic beauty, Rio one of those places you’ll remember for the rest of your life. The city is one of the most important cultural and economical centers in South America, so you’ll have plenty of things to see. The symbol of Rio, the statue of Christ the Redeemer, stands proud on top of the Corcovado Mountain, overlooking the busy metropolis. The beauty of the city and the Brazilian festive spirit is probably best displayed during the 4 days of the Rio annual carnival. The carnival of Rio is unlike anything you’ve seen – 4 entire days of non-stop dancing, music and joy. At 1800mybrazil.com you’ll find the best Brazilian travel guide on the web.

Rio de Janeiro is the city with some of the most beautiful tourist beaches in the world. Beach culture is customary throughout entire Brazil but no city compares to Rio. The Rio beaches are a scene of fashion, trend setting, excitement, parties and all year round fun. The Copacabana Beach, one of the most famous beaches in the world, is renowned for its non-stop party atmosphere. The New Year celebration at the Copacabana is something that will completely blow you away. With hundreds of hotels, bars and clubs, the Copacabana Beach will be your party heaven.

You can’t travel to Rio and not visit the Ipanema Beach – one of the most exciting places on the planet. Lying adjacent to Copacabana, the beach of Ipanema is crowded with high-class restaurants, boutiques, cafes and clubs. The high-life is right at home in Ipanema, a long lasting symbol of Brazilian wealth and power. Thousands of tourists come to the Ipanema Beach every year to enjoy the Brazilian-style celebrations, delicious cuisine and high end shopping. If you’re into surfing and waterspouts, the beautiful Brazilian beaches will provide a wide variety of sporting activities.

Are you looking for an exciting beach vacation? Then Brazil is your ideal travel choice. The city of Rio de Janeiro is especially renowned for its beautiful sandy beaches where some of the greatest celebrations in the world take place. The Copacabana Beach and the Ipanema Beach of beautiful Rio will offer you everything from relaxation and sports to exciting parties.

Plastic Surgery in Brazil

Estetica Brasil takes care of patients who are coming for Plastic Surgery in Brazil are generally originating from the USA, England, Europe, Africa, Middle-east and other countries. Special consideration is given to such foreign patients because it is understandable that they are stretching their local boundaries and so we make sure that they are well cared for.

WHY BRAZIL?

Plastic Surgeons in Brazil are some of the most experienced surgeons in the world.

This is partly due to the society being very open regarding the body aesthetic, which has lead women and men towards a natural desire for improving the look of their body via sculpturing surgeries. This societal tendency has provided the fertile ground for the evolution of world-class medical schools, plastic surgeons and innovative techniques.

Estetica Brasil works with a few hand-picked Board Certified Plastic Surgeons by the SBCP (Brazilian Board for Plastic Surgery).

Come to Brazil for tourism and for Plastic Surgery, but the Surgery comes first.

Would you go to Paris or London and then no go out sight-seeing? But Plastic Surgery is anyways a surgery and as such requires the necessary time and rest for the correct evolution of the healing process.

Your mind should be set on having a healthy experience, and a fast recuperation period, so that when you go home you are ready to go back to your daily activities. If you have more free time, after the recuperation period, you can explore the beauties of Fortaleza.

YOUR ARRIVAL

You may be arriving tired from a flight into a country that is unknown. Yet, we will have arranged in advance for a driver to pick you up at the Pinto Martins Fortaleza International Airport and take you to your hotel, on the seafront, where your room will have been booked for you.

COMPANIONS

In case that you are limited to coming alone, we can provide a part-time or full-time companion to help you during the first days after returning from the hospital and for as long as you need, someone to help you with your medicines, your food, going to the toilet, etc., since you may be feeling discomfort when you move. Having to get out of bed at night to go to the bathroom, with bandages and soreness, can be harmful to you if you happen to fall.

GETTING AROUND

With close to 3 million inhabitants, Fortaleza is the 4th largest city in Brazil. It is a tropical place, located on the north-east coast of the country, close to the Equator line, and benefits from a year-long sunny and mild climate. There are many interesting places to visit, including some of the most beautiful beaches in the world.

LANGUAGE AND CULTURE

Most people here are relaxed and friendly. There are also many foreigners living here, so we seem to empathize with a stranger and you’ll probably get that feeling too. Most persons here don’t speak a lot of English but they will try to help you if you are friendly and ask for assistance. A pocket dictionary with a few phrases will help you a lot.

INITIAL CONSULTATION

Your initial consultation will last about one hour; the plastic surgeon will examine your condition and determine the state of your health. You serenely and honestly discuss your specific needs and you get to see photographs of prior cases. You can ask any question regarding any aspect of the procedure. At the end everything should be clear to you.

FEES

If you choose to go ahead with your process of plastic surgery then we will ask you to compensate for the surgery after the pre-operation consultation. The fees are a fixed amount, not likely to be altered, unless unexpected event, like a change in the method of anesthesia, for instance.

DOCUMENTS

You will receive a series of legal waivers to sign, detailing procedures and risks specific to the operation(s) that you are considering. All the documents will be in English.

LAB TESTS

You can perform the required lab tests in your country, yet it is often preferable and much cheaper to have your lab tests done here on arrival, especially because they usually will not be covered by your health insurance. The tests will be performed the same day of the consultation with the plastic surgeon; it does not change the duration of your total stay.

HOSPITAL PROCEDURES

An Estetica Brasil representative will help you check in and escort you to the check-in process and up to your assigned room, to make sure that you are comfortable. The Plastic Surgeons in Brazil are some of the best in the business and take every necessary care for a smooth surgery.

RECUPERATION

There are two key elements to a speedy recuperation: rest, and follow the instructions of the plastic surgeon regarding medicines and procedures…TO THE LETTER.

Make sure to rest, take your medicine, eat properly to nourish your body and follow all instructions that we provide. Keep remembering that each day you are one day closer to that nice look that you’ve desired for yourself all these years.

FOLLOW-UP’S

The fee that you pay includes all necessary post-operative follow-up visits as may be necessary. There are no additional charges. These visits include the changing of bandages by the surgeon.

Since you will be returning home, you may not be able to have all of the follow-up visits throughout the year after your surgery. Nevertheless, we can communicate via Email, and we can receive photographs of your healing process. As time goes by and questions arise, we will still be available to provide you with answers to your concerns.

GOING HOME

Returning to your country will also depend on the speed of your healing. We will estimate a return date based on you following all the plastic surgeon’s instructions. Your co-operation greatly helps in determining the final return date.

Hotels With a Difference

At one time, a hotel was just a regular building with lots of rooms, a dining room, bar and perhaps a gym and swimming pool. But as more and more people are demanding something different from their holidays, hotels are becoming increasingly more elaborate and extraordinary.

The latest craze to hit the travel world is the underwater hotel. And where else but Dubai for this feat of hotel engineering? The £300 million Hydropolis will cost roughly £2,780 per room per night and boasts 220 guest suites, an auditorium and a ballroom, both of which break the surface to allow open-air events. The hotel even houses a marine biology laboratory and a cosmetic surgery practice.

But the Hydropolis is by no means the only underwater hotel. Fiji is constructing their own Poseidon Mystery Island, located amidst a vibrant coral reef spanning 5000 acres.

Poseidon will offer a library, 3000 square foot rotating restaurant, and even a wedding chapel. Room prices are set to be around £15,000 per person. It’s due to open in 2009, so start saving now!

Keeping with the water theme, ice hotels have also been more popular over the last decade. The Ice Hotel in Quebec, Canada hosts a nightclub, hot tubs, sauna, and a bar where drinks are served in glasses made of ice. Prices are around £175 per night.

But the Canadians weren’t the first to make use of ice as a tourist trap. The first ice hotel was actually built in Sweden, and has been operating since the 1970’s. Every year, the IceHotel gets re-built as the previous year’s ice perishes.

Hotels are being built to suit just about every terrain and concept. There are hotels built underground, and in trees. Some have sections that revolve, some have entire blocks of suites that revolve, giving the guest a different view every morning. And for those who don’t like staying in the same place, why not stay at a mobile hotel? The Exploranter is one such hotel which travels around Brazil, Chile and Argentina. Made from a converted Scania truck and trailer, the Exploranter can sleep 28 people and has a kitchen and hot showers.

Whatever you’re into, you’re almost guaranteed to find a hotel to match it. The only limit is your pocket.

Lima Peru Hotel, Amazing Offers For Visiting

Iquitos is located in the north of Peru. It is capital of Loreto’s department. There are two way to arrive to Iquitos, by airplane or by boat. Unfortunately, the city is not connected by road, so, take your precautions. One of the most salient features of the city is its excessive heat, almost always above 30 degrees. However, Iquitos is a city with frequent rain. The main attraction of the zone is the Amazon River. Iquitos is a fun night life with many options to choose.





Lima Peru Hotel is perfect for you and your family. Perhaps, you had heard about Titicaca Lake. Well, this huge Lake this is among the countries of Bolivia and Peru and it is located in Puno’s department. With an altitude of 3,860 meters above sea level, Titicaca is the world’s highest navigable lake. Puno is a town descended from the Aymara culture, well known for its dances and folklore. Virgen de la Candelaria is the most popular celebration in Puno, it is held in February.





If you have free days and you don’t know how to take advantage of them, you ought to travel to Peru and book Lima Peru Hotel to stay in the city. In Ica is located the second destination with more visits in Peru, Nazca Lines. These enigmatic lines can only be seen from the sky; therefore, you will need an airplane. The scientist, Maria Reiche (1903-1998) investigated these Lines for years.





Lima was conquered by Francisco Pizarro almost 400 years ago. He denominated Lima like “The city of the Kings”. Today, Lima is a huge metropolis of more than 7 million inhabitants. All the foreign flights arrive to Lima; if you want to travel to Cuzco or Trujillo you first destination will be Lima.





Lima also has many attractions, but it is better if you will discover them by yourself. First, leave your luggage in Lima Peru Hotel.

Lima Hotel, The Best Place To Stay In Peru

Lima was founded on January 18, 1535 by Francisco Pizarro who called it with the years as “The City of the Kings”. Lima is Peru’s capital the third largest country in South America. Now, let’s begin with our exploration. The Plaza de Armas is an historical place located in the downtown because the Cathedral, Government Palace and the Town Hall are situated in the same area. Choose your Lima Hotel close to these places and you will save money in transport.





The official language in the entire country is the Spanish, Quechua and Aymara also are spoken in specific zones, these are Peruvian native languages. Miraflores is a traditional neighborhood in Lima; a lot of tourists visit it to stroll for its charming streets or for buying souvenirs. Miraflores has a great amount of malls and restaurants, excellent places to spend a good time. Lima Hotel can give you more information about the city and its neighborhoods. Besides, Miraflores has spectacular beaches in its entire coast. If you like swim or surfing, you are in the right place.





The Parque de las Leyendas is the most popular Zoo in Lima. It is located in San Miguel’s district. This huge Zoo is divided in three areas: Coast, Sierra and Jungle. Here, you will see a wide variety of native animals in its specific zone. Parque de las Leyendas also have restaurants and souvenir’s stores; therefore, if you want a familiar day in contact with nature, you ought to visit San Miguel.





After a long day walking in the Zoo, it is time to go to your Lima Hotel for sleeping. Another thing that you shouldn’t miss in Lima is eat a Ceviche, one of the most popular dishes in the country. This dish is prepared with fresh fish, onion, lemon, aji and sweet potato. If you don’t like spicy food, don’t eat it.

South American Travel And Destinations

The continuous innovations in modes of travel and the growth of global awareness have incited an increase in the travel and tourist activities all over the world. With the hectic demanding, polluted city life a lot of travelers are in constant search for locations that are still environmentally healthy that will allow them to experience an unspoiled area of Nature. As the world’s population keep on increasing, most vacation spots will eventually become more crowded, making it unsuitable for relaxation. Ultimately those in search of a truly unique travel experience will tend to explore new areas of the world.

One such area that is still commercially unexploited is South America. Nowadays more and more people are becoming fascinated with South American vacations. Whether your interest lies in exploring the spectacular archaeological ruins of Machu Picchu in Peru, or the mystery of Rapa Nui off the coast of Chile, or experience the majestic beauty of Ecuador’s Galapagos Islands, this is one experience you will never forget.

Salsa, cumbia, Samba and Tango, life really swings in the rhythmic continent of South America. A variety of influences from different countries like Africa, India and Europe penetrated this undiscovered area giving it a very distinct flavor that lures travelers in embarking on an adventurous South American travel.

The exotic continent offers amazing Pre-Columbian sights all along the Andes in Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru and Colombia. The most popular of these are the Nazca and Machu Picchu in Peru and Ciudad Perdida in Colombia. In addition, tourists are also treated to a tour of stylish colonial churches and palaces in each South-American country. Without doubt architecture lovers and avid historians will flock at South American airlines.

People with a more active and sporty lifestyle are captivated with the idea of skiing in exotic Latin countries like Chile, Bolivia and Argentina during their South American vacations. Meanwhile, innate environmentalists cannot wait for an opportunity to see the biggest rainforest and the longest river in the world in Brazil. The abundance of wildlife, especially on the Wadden islands, also added to its appeal.

People who are intend on finding quite and relaxation usually headed for the Carribean, where the coast of Venezuela and Colombia, as well as the beaches of Brazil, offers great beaches and a relaxing atmosphere. If you had enough of the peace and quite and crave some city action, head for the nearest city. There are several to choose from: Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, Santiago or Lima all of which offers attractions that you will normally find in the city but still with a touch of South America’s exotic culture.

South America is a very diverse continent. Although most countries are speaks Spanish, with the exception of Brazil and three Guyana’s. French Guiana, British Guyana and Suriname still speaks the language of their former colonial masters as well as their own languages. Majority of South America’s still utilizes the native Indian languages however they becoming less frequent nowadays.

Planning for a dream vacation in South America can now be arranged quite easily and quickly. Gone is the time when planning and booking a dream vacation meant getting in touch with a travel agent, today there are numerous sites dedicated to travel in the internet.

So, if you have been yearning to get away, start logging on to the internet and check out all the details on South American travel and destinations. You’ll find all the information on hotels, tours and South American airlines, taking it from there will get you to South America in no time.

Buenos Aires Argentina: Which Neighborhoods To Rent A Hotel Or Aparment In

Before you book your accommodations to stay in Buenos Aires, you will need to decide which part of the city or neighborhood you would like to stay. Where you choose will be largely dependent upon how much you can afford for a room and also whether not you want to be in the heart of the city, where all the action, is or if you would prefer a more peaceful and quiet setting. In this article will take a look at some of the various neighborhoods around the city.

The first is Micro Centro which stands for city center, for those who don’t speak Spanish, and it is as the name suggests, the middle part of the city. Many people love to stay in this part of Buenos Aires. You are near many of the major attractions that tourists like to visit such as The cathedral, the Pink house and Florida shopping street, as well as a lot of other a great attractions and things to do. However, it is important to note that it does have its disadvantages. It will be an extremely busy area. There will be a lot of traffic, the streets are narrow, which can make it a dangerous place. There is also pollution and there is not much space. However, if you’re more concerned about going out and jumping right in the middle of the action and want to enjoy the nightlife, this may be good option for you. However, if you are someone who really wants to enjoy the beauty of the country and you prefer clean air and a more serene experience, you may not want to stay and Micro Centro.

If you want to stay in a more upscale part of the city, you may want to consider Recoleta, Retiro and Barrio Norte. These are north of the central part of the city. You’ll find a lot of high style hotels, such as the Plaza and the Four Seasons. They will be quite a bit more expensive than if he stayed in other areas of Buenos, but the service is fantastic. You will also find a lot of the expensive and upscale of restaurants, shopping malls, nightclubs, art galleries, and parks. There are also the graves of some of Argentina’s most famous and rich individuals.

The largest neighborhood in Buenos Aires is Palermo on you’ll find lots of parks here. So if you are looking for a laid back trip, this is a great place to stay. There are a lot of beautiful gardens. You will find Japanese Gardens, rose gardens, and even botanical gardens. The city zoo is also here. This is a very good place to vacation with the kids. There are also some great places to go if you are interested in the city’s nightlife. There are many great bars, restaurants and nightclubs.

You can also in San Telmo. It is the most interesting architecturally. You will find great colonial buildings and Gothic style, which were common when the city was founded. In this part of the city, you will also find many tango clubs and shows. You can even take lessons and see street performers. Staying in this part of the city can be an exciting way to experience old world Buenos Aires.

Fun Time in Argentina

Argentina is a large country placed in the South America, between Chile on the left, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay on the right side and Bolivia above it. This country really has to offer many different and interesting things for every tourist. You can do what ever you like including things like skiing, hiking and horse ridding. What ever you choose it’s going to be an adventure for sure.

Before you start planning your trip you first need to decide what would you like to see and do, and how many things you can see and do in your time of vacation. Decide if you want to go to the mountains or the sea (or country) and than start to think about some particular things like accommodations and flights.

What is the weather like?

The weather in Argentina varies from subtropical to winter cold; it depends in what part of the country you are. It’s hard to speak generally about the weather in Argentina because it’s different in different parts of the state. But I will try to inform you about the weather you can expect in different time of the year.

The important thing to remember is that Argentina is placed in the Southern Hemisphere which means that the seasons are inversed (when the winter is in the US, in Argentina is summer). The weather there can be very tricky and rapidly changing, especially in the parts that are close to the Andes. The weather there is really unpredictable so you should be careful cause the rainfall and floods are often and extreme heat or even snow are not rare either.

Mostly Argentina is really nice country with nice weather but there are parts that you may avoid. The south is very cold and winters can be brutal there so you should be careful. There is no need to go far south (unless you want to for some reason) because most of the hotels and attractions are closed.

Of course, the seasons with most attractions are summer and winter. Especially nice is Patagonia. It is very mild during the year with many attractions, but it can also be very unpredictable and it can change drastically without notice.

Few things you should try to remember is that the seasons are reversed which means that the summer lasts from December-March and the winter lasts from June-July. If you are looking for the most enjoyable weather that you should absolutely come in March, April, September, October and November.

Crowds in Argentina

Unfortunately the crowd is hard to avoid, unless you want to go in the low season. Yes, the high season and in the time of holidays the crowd is unavoidable. So, if you don’t like crowds than don’t go during the summer, winter or holidays. Or if you must try to stay somewhere out of town.

Fun time in Argentina

The choice is yours because there are no things that you can not do in Argentina. Really, there is something for everyone. To help you get started, here are some things that you can do by season:

Autumn (Apr-May)
Patagonia – sightseeing, especially in the north part
Northwest – trekking, horse riding
Northeast – visiting Iguassu Falls

Winter (Jun-Aug)
North Patagonia/Mendoza – skiing
Northeast – Iguassu Falls
Northeast – visit the subtropical forest (yungas)

Spring (Sep-Nov)
Buenos Aires – the most beautiful season, especially in November with the jacarandas in blossom
Patagonia – The whales come to Peninsula Valdes
Cuyo – great weather to visit the vineyards and taste the wine
Pampas – Visit the estancias and taste great barbecues (asados)

Summer (Jan-Feb)
Patagonia – trekking, horse riding, sightseeing in general, fishing
Parana River – fishing
Beaches – do nothing
Andes – trekking, alpinism, horse riding
Cordoba – enjoying the hill country

The cheapest time for visit

We can divide the tourist flow into two parts – the high season (most visited) and the low season (less visited). Of course, many people are here in the high season (December-February and July-August) because of the most appropriate weather but, for the same reason the prices are the biggest during that time. So if you would like to avoid the high prices you will have to avoid the high season also. That’s bringing us to the low season (September, April and June) where the prices us the lowest and is less crowded. But the weather in the low season is not so good but not bad either. Unfortunately it’s all about money. It’s your choice and you know the best what can and can not afford.

That’s it!

Ok, you have all the basic info, now you can start with real planning like booking your flights and finding the right accommodation.

Have a nice trip!

Law Teaching in Tourism of Argentina

Introduction

We think Tourism represents a great deal for any state strategical development. We believe its diffusion and awareness must be so much present in formal as in informal education; thus, we will take over the law teaching issue in higher levels and oriented to tourism students.

From a historical perspective, it is not wrong to assert that Tourism syllabi, in South America in general and in our country in particular, are fairly new. And therefore the reflection on it remains, from a scientific point of view, in an embryonic state.

So recent is it that the UBA has not been able (neither it did not want to, nor has it not been allowed) to include a university academic offer . The first dilemma of the touristic career (still under debate) has been whether Tourism Ph.B., which comprehends hotel Management knowledge should be set forth, or it should be dealt with as two separate Ph.Bs with a common trunk. Although it is not our purpose to elucidate such an enigma, it is important to emphasize it, since it directly affects on any juridical subject content we should try to introduce.

We would also like to clear up that, previous to any discussion and for market reasons, Universities have come across the disjunctive as to incorporate careers related to hospitality industry into their faculties or departments. The second question was then: Where? Thus, some universities, chose a humanistic perspective and added them to their social sciences faculties . Others, from a more technical view, tended to attach them either to their Statistics department , or to the Geography department . The newest ones decided to create independent departments or faculties , others submitted their location to structural causes . And finally, there were institutions who, from an interpretation closer to management, set them in the Economics environment ; situation which, by the way, coincides with our country’s political definition .

But if it was such a problem to set the Tourism Ph.B. at Social Sciences Faculty, none the less problematic was it to set a Law subject into the respective Ph.B. degrees (Hotel Management or Tourism).

From the curricular layout beginnings, it seemed obvious that the normative subject, which gave unity to the whole vision of professional future, could not be absent from the sector’s regulatory frame. And although, to some extent, almost everyone agreed to set this knowledge in the last career grades, the main issues every subject should be based on were not usually dealt with, i.e.: What is taught?; how is it taught?; and what for?

No wonder just until a few years ago one could take any university program and notice that its core themes were some sort of fast and summarized Civil Law course, with some reference to Hotel Management laws and travel agencies. Nothing more contradictory or detached from the content, skills and appreciations students should incorporate during this stage of development. The underlying idea seems to have been: “Should there be a Law subject, we do not know how or what for; then let the lawyer who gives it place its content”. And thus we have seen such nonsense as Tourism students trying to elucidate the right-possessor’s degree in a complex succession, or wondering about the differences between divorce and de facto separation or the like. Posed this way and stating the obvious, the experience has become frustrating for everyone.

It is not difficult to think this problem could be avoided, had they taken similar and tested pedagogical experiences as reference. Such as, for example, Law teachers from Economics and vice versa who long ago had to work getting over this kind of obstacles for the sake of a holistic vision.

The Law is not some panacea for all sector’s evil, nevertheless it soothes, modulates and directs them. And since we are dealing with a transverse activity as Tourism, it is sensible insert this subject at the end of the academic studies. The Law will work as an engine or as a hindrance, depending on how we build it as participating citizens.

WHAT

Following the test period two inquiries were made: 1) Is there some subject we can call: “Tourism Law” or are we just facing one of the many activities which require some specific regulation? And, after that 2) from which content should the very subject layout spring?

For the first question some authors (they certainly followed the Saxon Travel Law trend of thought) risked the first hypothesis focusing on the “travel agent” actor as the main generator of new contractual figures, so Puig andVitta were able to assert the existence of a “…Tourism Law which is no longer framed in the traditional Civil or Commercial Law matrixes that is only partially concealed by the Navigation Law in both its species aerial and maritime”. Nevertheless, we think that in order to define the autonomy of a branch of the Law, it is necessary to discover whether the principles which govern it are axiologically original so that they make up a complete and closed systematic juridical construction, and make it unnecessary to appeal to the principles of another branch .

As we can see, the debate, still open, goes beyond an academic whim; since whether we choose one posture or the other it will suit the curricular development.

The second question also had dissimilar answers;

1) some understood they should assume students counted or should count on a solid civic formation which allows them to fully go into the different meanings of the law.

2) others proposed that although this was what “it should be” it was not what they perceived within the classroom; therefore the proposal was to “recover” the knowledge to frame the activity. That is to say, I can not develop or expose the “Law” theme if the student lacks the basic notions of “State”, “Nation”, etc…

3) a minority (probably more pressed by a limited time schedule than by curricular academic needs) tended to go straight to content nucleus; mentioning maybe during the process, but leaving it to the student’s initiative, the reconstruction task or the basic concepts incorporation.

HOW

Avoiding the pedagogical debate on whether content determines methodology or not; let’s admit at least they condition it. From our point of view, there are three factors that help in the way of teaching:

A) Teacher’s formation; the subject as given by lawyers bears their formation’s virtues and faults. This is because there are few or no Tourism and Law specialization courses; therefore this demand can not be reached with foreign proposals which obviously suit their own country’s legislations.

B) The institutional. In a structural sense on two levels;

1) From a macro-level variables can be:

i. “time schedule”,

ii. “duty”,

iii. “Level” (University or Further Education) will operate as filter and selection when it comes to establishing curricular priorities and

iv. “Setting” the career regarding the faculty or department it belongs to. Put in other words: if the tourism Ph.B. belongs to a Natural Sciences faculty or department its subject content in general, and the juridical ones in particular can be different from another one which belongs to an Economics faculty.

2) “Institutional culture” also prevents the subject from being dealt with as a water-tight box, but be into gear with others which are a key issue in the global problem interpretation. Thus Tourism Policies, Social Tourism, Programmed Learning, etc. feed and are fed by the normative.

C) The Political. Programs can not merely be a laboratory’s production, or a more or less lucid result of a couple of professionals´ experience. They should be a scientific and academic production reflecting and framed into a wider and serious political proposal, and giving the sector a real “state policy” status, highly above occasional speech and in harmony with the OMT directives to which we belong.

To sum up: The strategies we have been looking through are diverse and deserve to be considered without dogmatism, as follows:

1) Several European programs in general and Spanish ones in particular have dealt with the issue from the different Law branches, so it is not odd to find a “Tourism Private Law” or a “Tourism Public International Law”, etc.

2) In our country, following our treatise writer’s tradition, some have established a General Part and a Particular Part; it is as much as saying that while the first one involves the subject’s founding concepts, the second one aims at the specific themes (Hotel Management, agencies, etc.)

3) Some teachers have focused on Law transmission, others have thought of the traditional case method and some of us have opted for mixed techniques.

4) But even if it is difficult to know where to start from, so it is to know where to arrive at. We have seen some complex proposals including trade issues, such as “Time shares”, which although they are closely connected to the touristic phenomenon, it is not thus since they compel us to long juridical considerations in order to comprehend them all. In other proposals it is worrying the lack of themes such as “Natural and Cultural Heritage” by understanding they exceed the required for the professional formation. We shall disagree with such an opinion, since we consider it axial in the subject into which every notion of “sustainability” fits.

WHAT FOR

“First in the intention, last in the execution”, as the old saying goes. The what-for-answer is usually given in that which some teachers call “objectives”, nevertheless most of the times its formulation may be so open and general that it produces ambiguity.

Who utters this first statement? Who outlines each subject’s objectives? : the University. How? Going to the polls with the teacher, with the specialist (or at least they should) Where? In the subject’s outline first, and in the general incumbencies afterwards. Why? By proxy.

With a dubious legislative technique, the 24.521 Higher Education Law, in its 42nd Article speaks of “competences” and delegates their resolution to university institutions. This has produced a chaos of overlapping careers (e.g. Guides) or confusion (e.g. between Tourism Ph.B and hotel Management Ph.B.). This could be solved just by declaring the career of “public concern”. This status compels both the Ministry of Education as well as the Council of universities to specify any careers professional incumbencies. Thus, giving some part to the CONEAU (National Commission of Evaluation and University Accreditation) in the institutional qualification, misleading academical offers could be avoided and the profession would be appraised as of those proposals having the minimum required quality. (That is why, no matter how difficult state supervision is for the private sector, several universities have been struggling for the career to be declared of “public concern”).

As verbally expressed, the somehow shared objectives (neither exclusive nor excluding) arising from the different programs are:

Cognitive:

1) To master the Law basic concepts

2) To relate the different social types with any enterprise’s juridical frame

3) To analyze jurisprudential cases

Procedural:

4) To diagnose responsibility regulations in particular situations

5) To decide whether to appeal to the judicial system and/or to the alternative systems of conflict solution

6) To apply and cooperate with the making of the different sector’s contract modalities

Appreciative:

7) To show interest in the cultural and natural heritage

To work interdisciplinary

9) To show respect for the rules

Sitting from the other side, students also have their own perception on the different answers. They usually give us some hints in the annual poll (always so significant):

A) For life

B) For the completion of my professional formation

C) For determining whether I will need a lawyer or not

D) For being able to count on another management tool

As we can see and despite generalization, institutions and students are not (at least on this point) so disconnected. Civic knowledge is indeed useful and necessary at any instance of citizenship, but in the context of a Tourism career it becomes unavoidably instrumental.

Thus, such an activity, intended to be a model and a development impeller, implies respect for the regulatory frame it is embedded in. Not because (as we said at the beginning) it is going to solve its problems, but because any activity dealt with a “fair play” has greater growth opportunity and generates inversion.

OUR PROPOSAL

- We think it should be talked about a Tourism Applied Law from a multiplicity of actors;

- That certain real deficiencies students normally “drag” from Technical school should be replaced, and therefore this requires an average time schedule;

- That as long as we invest on research, it will be possible to develop subject content;

- That it is necessary to generate academic forum and a courses offer which allows the completion of teacher formation lawyers need to give a multidisciplinary approach;

- That curricula must, without losing originality, integrate with the State’s general planning; and this planning should also articulate with the OMT guidelines;

- That the Tourism Ph.B. career should be proposed as of “public concern”, giving it study level hierarchy and removing shady-zones from its “competences”.

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